Southeast Structures. Prefabricated Steel Building Structures.

SECTION 4. STRUCTURAL SYSTEM FRAMING
4.1 GENERAL
4.1.1 All framing members shall be manufactured and fabricated for field bolted assembly. All connection plates including all purlin and girt clips are to be factory welded.
4.1.2 All shop connections shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s standard design practices.
4.1.3 All framing members shall bear an easily identifiable piece mark.

4.2 PRIMARY STRUCTURAL FRAMING
4.2.1 Interior Frames: All primary frames shall be factory welded, built-up “I” sections. The columns and rafters may be either tapered or uniform depth. Flanges shall be connected to webs by means of a continuous fillet weld on either one side or both sides, depending upon design requirements.
4.2.2 Endwall Frames: All endwall roof beams and endwall columns shall be factory welded, built-up “I” sections, hot-rolled structural “I” sections, or cold-formed “C” sections depending on design requirements.
4.2.3 Plates, Stiffeners, etc: All base plates, splice plates, end plates, clips, and stiffeners shall be factory welded into place on the structural members.
4.2.4 Bolt Holes: All base plates, splice plates, and clips shall be factory fabricated to include all bolt connections. Any field cutting of frames is prohibited.
4.2.5 Secondary connections: All connections for secondary structural including purling, girts, and eave struts shall be by means of factory welded, four bolt pattern clips. Clips shall be factory welded to primary structural.

4.3 SECONDARY FRAMING
4.3.1 Purlins and Girts: Roof purlins and wall girts shall be cold-formed, 8”, 10”, or 12” deep “Z” sections with stiffened flanges. Depth of “Z” sections shall be determined by engineering criteria. All purlins and girts shall be factory pre-punched to accommodate field bolting to the primary frames. Connection bolts will install through the web of the “Z”, not through the flanges.
4.3.2 Eave Struts: All eave struts shall be unequal flange cold-formed “C” sections.
4.3.3 Base Angle: The base member will provide a structural attachment point for the bottom of the wall panels while providing a finished, trimmed appearance from the outside. This member shall be secured to the concrete slab with ram-sets, expansion bolts, or equivalent anchors

4.4 BRACING
4.4.1 Diagonal Bracing: Diagonal bracing in the roof and walls shall be used to transfer longitudinal loads (wind, cranes, etc.) from the structure into the foundation. This bracing is to be designed and furnished to length and equipped with bevel washers and nuts. The bracing shall consist of rods threaded at each end or galvanized cables with threaded end anchors. If design requirements so dictate, diagonal bracing may consist of structural angle or pipe bolted in place.
4.4.2 Diaphragm Bracing: Diaphragm bracing is utilized when the strength of the roof and wall panels attached to the structure is sufficient to resist the applied wind forces.
4.4.3 Portal Frame Bracing: If diaphragm bracing does not apply and diagonal bracing is not permitted in all walls, portal frame bracing may be designed.
4.4.4 Fixed Base Bracing: If diaphragm bracing does not apply and diagonal bracing is not permitted in all walls, fixed base bracing may be designed.
NOTE: Design criteria determines whether portal frame bracing or fixed base bracing will be designed
4.4.5 Flange Braces: The compression flange of all primary framing shall be braced laterally with angles connecting to the webs of purlins or girts so that the flange compressive stress is within allowable limits for any combination of loading.